The technologies currently used in electric forklifts mainly include battery technology, drive and control technology, safety protection technology, and intelligent logistics technology, etc., with details as follows:

• Battery Technology: Lithium batteries have gradually become the mainstream due to their advantages such as high energy density and long cycle life. Advanced Battery Management Systems (BMS) can effectively monitor the battery status, extend the battery service life, and improve charging efficiency.
• Drive System Technology: Permanent magnet synchronous motors are mostly adopted, which feature small size, high efficiency, and maintenance-free operation. Some forklifts use dual-motor coupled drive technology, enabling excellent acceleration and climbing performance as well as large traction force. Meanwhile, through technologies like Field-Oriented Control (FOC) vector control, dual closed-loop control of current (torque) and speed is realized, ensuring response speed and the overall efficiency of the electronic control system.
• Electronic Control Technology: Transistor controllers (including Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR) and Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFET)) are widely used, significantly enhancing the durability, reliability, and applicability of electric forklifts. Advanced electronic control systems can also optimize the human-machine interface and control logic, improving operational comfort.
• Hydraulic Technology: Electric forklifts usually rely on a separate motor to drive a gear pump for providing hydraulic power. Some new-type forklifts adopt hydraulic pulse control technology, which can automatically balance the motor speed and oil consumption according to the response of the hydraulic circuit, thereby saving electrical energy, reducing noise, and minimizing component wear.
• Braking Technology: Mechanical parking brakes and hydraulic service brakes are generally used. Some high-end models are equipped with electro-hydraulic composite braking dynamic decoupling and energy regeneration control technology. During braking, the traction motor can be converted into a generator to feed electric energy back to the battery, reducing energy waste and component wear.
• Safety Protection Technology: Tilt sensors, laser radars, ultrasonic sensors, and other devices are equipped to effectively prevent accidents. The active safety protection and coordinated control technology based on multi-sensor fusion can detect obstacles in real time, realizing dynamic obstacle avoidance and emergency braking.
• Intelligent Logistics Technology: Some electric forklifts are equipped with Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which can connect with Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) via 5G/Wi-Fi to receive instructions and feed back status in real time. Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) electric forklifts also adopt technologies such as laser navigation and magnetic stripe/QR code navigation, and combine with path planning algorithms to achieve automatic guidance and task scheduling.